You’ll definitely see this snake before you step on it. The female then stops movement and extends her posture to mate. Reptiles of Central America, 2nd Edition. [1] No subspecies are currently recognized. B. asper occurs throughout the inter-Andes valleys of Colombia across the Caribbean coastal plain through central Venezuela north of the Orinoco as far east as the Delta Amacuro region. The Terciopelo or Fer-de-Lance is a large snake that can reach lengths up to 250 cm, although the average male ranges between 140 and 180 cm long. 2004. Transportes Sáenz. [2], According to Campbell and Lamar (2004), its range in Ecuador extends as far south along the Pacific coast as El Oro Province and the Vilcabamba area of the Río Catamayo Valley. It can … The females tend to be longer than males. In Costa Rica, they can be found from the lowlands of both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts and up to 1,300 m in elevation. [1] This species is capable of provoking severe envenomings associated with local and systemic manifestations. Asado's El Gordo. [1] Se halla en un amplio rango de hábitats de tierras de altitud altas, a menudo cerca de asentamientos humanos. Lillywhite, Harvey B. [6], Some of the common names applied to this snake are terciopelo ("velvet" in Spanish), fer-de-lance,[2] mapepire balsain (Trinidad), carpet labaria (Guyana), barba amarilla (Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua; "yellow beard"), equis (Ecuador and Panama; "x"),[7] talla equis (Colombia), cuaima (Venezuela), nauyaca (México; from Nahuatl nahui, four, and yacatl, nose; "four noses"),[8] and yellow-jaw tommygoff (Belize). Inicio » Bothrops asper costa rica. HOGE (1966) classified Bothrops atrox snakes from Costa Rica as Bothrops aspen. They can, and often will, move very quickly,[2] usually opting to flee from danger,[19] but are capable of suddenly reversing direction to vigorously defend themselves. The Costa Rican fer-de-lance (Bothrops asper), is commonly known as terciopelo (“velvet”). This species is the main cause of snakebite incidents within its range. The fer-de-lance is also characterized by the presence of postocular bands on each side of the head. It is found in a wide range of lowland habitats, often near human habitations. Restaurante Tony's Mar. La terciopelo (Bothrops asper) es una especie de serpiente crotalina venenosa que se encuentra en América Central y el norte de Sudamérica. Ventrolaterally, B. asper has interchanging gray scales which are more pale towards the medial line. Natural history of the terciopelo Bothrops asper (Serpentes: Viperidae) in Costa Rica Mahmood Sasaa,*, Dennis K. Waskob, William W. Lamarc aInstituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose´, Costa Rica bDepartment of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA cDepartment of Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler, TX 75799, USA Tipton, Bob L. (2005). Krieger Publishing Co. Malabar, Florida. Specimens may have a yellow zig-zag-shaped line on each side of the body. [1] [20], This is mostly a lowland species that, in Mexico and Central America, occurs from about sea level to 1,200 to 1,300 meters (3,900 to 4,300 ft) altitude. Es una especie grande y nerviosa, y es la principal responsable de incidentes por mordeduras de serpiente dentro de su zona de distribución. Southwestern Naturalist 62(1): 77-84. Warrell DA. 1992. The average number of offspring was 18.6 (five to 40) in this population. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. Herpetologica 54 (4): 462. Populations of Bothrops often referred to as Fer-de-lance on the island of Saint Lucia are Bothrops caribbaeus. In South America, it apparently ranges to considerably higher elevations: up to 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) in Venezuela and at least 2,640 metres (8,660 ft) in Colombia according to herpetologist Lancini. 1,2 Newborn lanceheads have brightly-colored tail tips (yellowish in males and pink/whitish in females). This is a reference to these snakes' highly sensitive heat-detecting pit organs. Con el apoyo de: In Costa Rica, it can be found in abundance in low and wet lands in the Pacific and Caribbean, but the species can be found even at 1500 m of altitude. The Bothrops asper, commonly known as a fer-de-lance, shown here in Costa Rica, is a venomous pit viper species native to Central and South America. (2008). Terciopelos have been able to prosper in certain agricultural fields such as banana, cacao and coffee. However, despite popular belief, no evidence supports a purported increase in population density of this species in Costa Rica. [2], Specimens of this species may weigh up to 6 kilograms (13 lb) and are often 1.2 to 1.8 meters (3.9 to 5.9 ft) in length. It is considered the most dangerous snake in Costa Rica, responsible for 46% of all bites and 30% of all hospitalized cases; before 1947, the fatality rate was 9%, but this has since declined to almost 0% (Bolaños, 1984), mostly due to the Clodomiro Picado Research Institute,[26] responsible for the production of snake antiophidic sera (which are also exported to other countries in Latin America and Africa) and scientific research on serpents and their venoms, as well as educational and extension programs in rural areas and hospitals. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. (1994). We used radiotelemetry to examine the spatial ecology and behavior of the fer‐de‐lance (Bothrops asper), a highly venomous pit viper that is ubiquitous throughout much of Central America. A generalized ontogenetic diet shift occurs, with a higher percentage of ectothermic prey in juveniles, changing to a greater percentage of endothermic prey in adults, particularly small mammals. Standard Spanish, English and Scientific Names of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Mexico (2nd. Fer-de-Lance/Terciopelo -Bothrops asper A member of the viper family, the fer-de-lance -- or terciopelo to locals, is considered the most dangerous snake in Costa Rica, not for the potency of its venom, but its ubiquity. Krieger Publishing Co. Malabar, Florida. The Instituto Clodomiro Picado in San Jose, Costa Rica produces a polyvalent antivenom that is effective on Bothrops asper, Lachesis stenophrys, Crotalus durissus which costs about 25.00 a vial and it is more effective than US antivenoms. Very big females can reach lengths up to 2.5 metres (8.2 ft), although this is uncommon. Dictionary of Herpetology. Die Schlangen Costa Ricas. It has also been observed to eject venom over a distance of at least 6 ft (1.8 m) in fine jets from the tips of its fangs (Mole, 1924). En Costa Rica, se sabe que los adultos se alimentan de ratas, zarigüeyas y otros roedores, así como de conejos, ranas y gecos (Gonatodes albogularis). Population Status: it’s regarded as a “Least Concern” species on the IUCN Red List. En Ecuador, principalmente se alimentan de roedores y en la isla de Trinidad, se sabe que Bothrops Asper se alimenta de todo, desde roedores y otros pequeños mamíferos, lagartos, ranas y aves , hasta cangrejos . Eagle Mountain Publishing, LC. Herpetological Review 46 (2): 266-267 - get paper here; Mora, José Manuel and Manuel Merchán 2001. Bothrops asper is the species that induces the highest incidence of snakebite envenomation in southern Mexico, Central America and parts of northern South America. The species is viviparous and very fertile, it can give birth to up to 90 offspring. Toxicon 41(1): 19–22. Scientific name: Bothrops asper. Serpiente Barba Amarilla. [2] They also have heads two or three times the size of males relative to their size and proportionally bigger fangs (typically 2.5 cm), as well. Its proximity to human habitations and temperament are likely the reasons why it is considered more dangerous to … The specific epithet, asper, which is a Latin word meaning "rough" or "harsh", may allude to the species' keeled dorsal scales. Es una de las serpientes venenosas más comunes, principalmente en zonas bajas del país. (With CD). ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS 2.1 Distribución geográfica de las serpientes Lachesis stenophrys y Bothrops asper en Costa Rica. Females have thick, heavy bodies and grow significantly larger than males. Neonates ranged in total length from 28 to 34.6 centimeters (11.0 to 13.6 in) and in weight from 6.7 to 13.1 grams (0.24 to 0.46 oz). [9][10] In English the name lancehead is applied to the genus Bothrops as a whole,[2] [9][11][4] and in combination with the majority of the species within the genus (e.g. Because of its proximity to human habitations and its defensive temperament, it is more dangerous to people than many other snakes. There are 45 species of bothrops … Since the majority of toxic PLA(2)s are basic proteins, acidic isoforms and their possible roles … La Nauyaca (Bothrops Asper) Barba Amarilla o terciopelo vive en una región que abarca parte de México, Honduras y países de Sud América. Familia: Viperidae Family. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Reports of invertebrate and insect remains in the digestive tracts along with frog and lizard remains are believed to represent secondary ingestion, however the dissection of several specimens containing only insect remains such as beetles (Coleoptera), and bugs (Hemiptera) are believed to reflect insects as primary prey too. Mónica Soto Morera. Fer-de-Lance (Bothrops asper) - Laguna del Lagarto Lodge, Boca Tapada, Costa Rica [Controlled Specimen] 2 Bothrops asper or also called fer de lance snakes image taken in Panama; Fer-de-Lance (Bothrops asper) pit viper juvenile snake in the rainforest, Panama. Each red dot represents an individual of Bothrops asper (n = 14). Savage, Jay M. (2002). (2013). It dwells in the lowland Atlantic coastal areas of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. An isolated population occurs in southeastern Chiapas (Mexico) and southwestern Guatemala. 1998. The type locality given is "Obispo, on the Isthmus of Darien" (Panama). [21] It is also known from the island of Gorgona off the Pacific coast of Colombia. De estos, máximo tres desencadenan en la muerte de la persona. atrox. [9] In their seminal opus on the venomous reptiles of the western hemisphere, Campbell & Lamar, stated "The name fer-de lance, widely used in North America with reference to B. asper and B. atrox, has no legitimate origin of use in regions inhabited by this snake. In northern South America, it is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Venezuela. Bothrops asper (fer-de-lance) diet and feeding behavior. History of the Clodomiro Picado Institute, Analysis of Biotechnological Product Samples. In recent decades herpetologist have preferred the name Terciopelo for Bothrops asper,[14][15][16][17] although the term fer-de-lance is still common in popular usage. Image: 50197550 Farr, William L. and David Lazcano. The original name comes from the French language and means lancehead, as they have a broad, flattened, triangular head. Venom of Bothrops asper from Mexico and Costa Rica: Intraspecific variation and cross-neutralization by antivenoms It chiefly inhabits tropical rainforest and evergreen forest, but it also occurs in drier areas of tropical deciduous forest, thorn forest and pine savannah near lakes, rivers and streams. La terciopelo (Bothrops asper)2 es una especie de serpiente crotalina venenosa que se encuentra en América Central y norte de Sudamérica.1 estas serpientes se hallan en un amplio rango de hábitats de tierras bajas, a menudo cerca de hábitats humanos. When cornered or threatened, this species can be very defensive and may exhibit an S-coiled defense display. Sometimes referred to as the 'ultimate pit viper', these snakes are found in a wide range of lowland habitats, often near human habitations. There are even a few records from northern coastal Peru, with these snakes being reported in the Tumbes Region. [2], Due to the casual and informal application of the name "Fer-de-lance" being applied to any number of species of Latin America pit vipers in the genus Bothrops, there is much confusion and misunderstanding, particularly in popular literature, as to proper nomenclature. Bothrops species can be distinguished by their broad, flattened heads which are set apart from the rest of their bodies. Bothrops asper costa rica. In northern South America, it is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Venezuela. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. Phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)) are major components of snake venoms, exerting a variety of relevant toxic actions such as neurotoxicity and myotoxicity, among others. The range of Bothrops asper includes the northwestern coast of South America from Ecuador to Venezuela, Trinidad, and north as far as Mexico. The timing of breeding differs between populations in the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands. 24 4.2 Mapa del vector de expresión pVAX1. [19], Goliath birdeater spiders sometimes prey on the snake, despite it being one of the most venomous snakes in Central and South America.[29]. sintetizados a partir de toxinas ofídicas de Bothrops asper y Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus, sobre células eucarióticas normales y cancerosas ACREDITACIÓN Informe presentado a la Escuela de Biología del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica como requisito parcial para optar al título de Bachiller en Ingeniería en Biotecnología. The underside is most often pale yellow. 23. * Corrresponding author: Beatriz Badilla INIFAR, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica. 400 pp. [27], Bite symptoms include pain, oozing from the puncture wounds, local swelling that may increase for up to 36 hours, bruising that spreads from the bite site, blisters, numbness, mild fever, headache, bleeding from the nose and gums, hemoptysis, gastrointestinal bleeding, hematuria, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, impaired consciousness and tenderness of the spleen. Society for the Study Amphibians and Reptiles. Bothrops asper is adapted to areas with low levels of disturbance along the agricultural frontier, and consequently it is not rare to find it in or near human dwellings. [27], This species is irritable and fast-moving. stenophrys y Bothrops asper en Costa Rica. Schwartz, Albert and Robert W. Henderson. 6 Organization for Tropical Studies, San José, Costa Rica. The base color is dark gay, brown or olive green, with a distinctive dorsal pattern that consists of a series of triangular designs on both sides of the body, when seen dorsally the designs look like the letter X, which is the reason why in many of its geographic locations it is also known as the X snake. [28], This species was once regarded as a subspecies of B. atrox and can still often be confused with it. Reptilia (Münster) 11 (5): 20-27. [5], The generic name, Bothrops, comes from the Greek words bothros and ops, which mean "pit" and "face" (or "eye"), respectively. Se halla en un amplio rango de hábitats de tierras bajas, a menudo cerca de asentamientos humanos. The body is moderately robust, with a large head, well differentiated and clearly triangular when seen dorsally. Lemos Espinal, Julio A. and James R. Dixon. A definite zoological classification of Bothrops atrox is, however, still lacking (STOCKER and BARLOW, 1976). [20], The timing of the reproductive cycle and the litter size of this species vary according to location: in some parts of Costa Rica, for example, it is more prolific than in others. 1. Part 1 - Description and distribution. (1991). 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacéuticas, INIFAR, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica. As a result, great confusion between it and other related species, most notably Bothrops atrox, which is similar in color but usually has yellow or rust-like tones and rectangular or trapezoidal blotches. [12][13], This species likes moist environments, and occurs in most life zones located at low or middle elevations (up to 600 metres (2,000 ft)), excluding those with strong seasonal dry periods. Snakes of the Americas, Checklist and Lexicon. Bothrops asper is adapted to areas with low levels of disturbance along the agricultural frontier, and consequently it is not rare to find it in or near human dwellings. Herpetologist Douglas March died after being bitten by this species. Yet none is more feared than Bothrops asper—the terciopelo, also known as the fer-de-lance. xx, 934 pp. [2] The name fer-de-lance has been used inconsistently and very informally with several species in the genus Bothrops having been called fer-de-lance at one time or another, most commonly Bothrops asper, Bothrops atrox, Bothrops caribbaeus, and Bothrops lanceolatus. En Costa Rica, donde el 54,2 % del territorio posee cobertura forestal, ocurren entre 500 y 600 accidentes por mordedura de serpiente al año. [24] This species is considered to be the most prolific of all snakes in the Americas. Range: Southern Mexico to northern South America. In the interspaces, there are dark, paravertebral blotches. In Costa Rica, human impact has seemed to favor Bothrops asper. Populations of Bothrops referred to as Fer-de-lance on the island of Martinique are regard as Bothrops lanceolatus. Snakebite envenomation in Costa Rica: a revision of incidence in the decade 1990–2000. Juveniles are also known to exhibit caudal luring, a use of their differently colored tail tips to lure prey. Bothrops asper is a venomous pit viper species ranging from southern Mexico to northern South America. clavatus in Costa Rica. Herpeton, Verlag Elke Köhler, Offenbach, Germany. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. Es una especie grande y nerviosa, y es la principal responsable de incidentes por mordeduras de serpiente dentro de su zona de distribución. Snakebites in Central and South America: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Clinical Management. They are, however, sometimes found at much higher elevations. This is the only Bothrops species that occurs on the island of Trinidad, although the situation there is complicated due to proximity of Trinidad to the Orinoco Delta where it may be sympatric with B. atrox . Reproductive cycles in Costa Rica are tightly related to rainfall patterns. [2][12][13] Several herpetologist have preferred and argued to restrict the name fer-de-lance to the Martinique lancehead (Bothrops lanceolatus) from the Caribbean Island of Martinique but, popular usage has rarely recognized any distinction. This is the only Bothrops species that occurs on the island of Trinidad, although the situation there is complicated due to proximity of Trinidad to the Orinoco Delta where it may be sympatric with B. [2], Bothrops asper is a diet generalist and is known to prey on a remarkably wide range of animals. In untreated cases, local necrosis frequently occurs and may cause gangrene which often requires amputation. Adult specimens, when cornered and fully alert, are dangerous. La terciopelo (Bothrops asper) es una especie de serpiente crotalina venenosa que se encuentra en América Central y el norte de Sudamérica. Bothrops asper is a highly venomous pit viper species ranging from southern Mexico to northern South America. However, despite popular belief, no evidence supports a purported increase in population density of this species in Costa Rica. On the Pacific side, mating took place between September and November, with females giving birth between April and June. Zoom into our collection of high-resolution cartoons, stock photos and vector illustrations. Apices either alternate or are reflective of each other over the middorsal line. Beatriz Badilla 1*, Fernando Chaves 2, Gerardo Mora 3 & Luis J. Poveda 4. Ecuadorianische Grubenottern der Gattungen Bothriechis, Bothrops und Porthidium (Serpentes: Viperidae). xi + 402 pp. The bothrops asper doesn’t have any subspecies, but it’s part of a large family of snakes known as “Bothrops.” These include Bothrops atrox and Bothrops jararaca, two species with dark colors and triangle patterns that are commonly confused for Bothrops asper. Köhler, Gunther (2008). The snake that accounts for most of the dangerous snake bites in Costa Rica is the Terciopelo. 22. [2], B. asper occurs throughout the inter-Andes valleys of Colombia across the Caribbean coastal plain through central Venezuela north of the Orinoco as far east as the Delta Amacuro region. It is also regarded as being more excitable and unpredictable than B. atrox. The intraspecies variability in HPLC profile and toxicological activities between the venoms from … Greene, Harry W. (1997). It is less active in colder and drier periods. La terciopelo (Bothrops asper) [2] es una especie de serpiente crotalina venenosa que se encuentra en América Central y el norte de Sudamérica. Bothrops asper snakes are localized along the Pacific and Atlantic zones below 1000 m (TAYLOR, 1951) and were formerly classified as Bothrops atrox. Scientific and common names for the amphibians and reptiles of Mexico in English and Spanish. 23. Venomous snakes in Costa Rica; Bothrops asper Bothrops asper . Nombre científico: Bothrops asper . Bothrops asper Length: up to 2.3 meter. Cannibalism has been reported in both captive and wild juveniles and the species is known to scavenge on dead frogs and rodents. In both populations, gestation time ranged from six to eight months, and the size of a litter correlated significantly with the size of the female. A Bothrops asper snake (Garman, 1884) was captured in the Caribbean region of Costa Rica and had its lung infested with pentastomids, identified as ca Porocephalus clavatus (Wyman, 1845). Bothrops asper. 1998 More specifically, in Mexico and Central America Bothrops asper is found north to the Southern Tamaulipas and south to the Southeastern Yucatan Peninsula. Its high fertility explains why the fer-de-lance is one of the most prominent snakes in the country. Lee, Julian C. (2000). Endothermic prey species include: bay wren (Cantorchilus nigricapillus), grey-headed tanager (Eucometis penicillata), wren (Troglodytes), blue-black grassquit (Volatinia jacarina), Central American woolly opossum (Caluromys derbianus), common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), Desmarest's spiny pocket mouse (Heteromys desmarestianus), dusky rice rat (Melanomys caliginosus), Rothschild's porcupine (Coendou rothschildi), Brazilian cottontail (Sylvilagus brasiliensis), and least shrew (Cryptotis parva). Liner, Ernest A. and Gustavo Cass-Andreu. Fer De Lance Snake Corcovado National Park Osa Peninsula Costa Rica. [2] Although both males and females display this behavior, only males have bright coloured tail tips. Therefore, the timing of breeding differs between populations in the Caribbean and Pacific lowlands. This is true in the premontane forest in Costa Rica, the cloud forest of Guatemala and Mexico, or the lower montane wet forest in the Caribbean Region of Colombia and Ecuador. Bothrops asper inflicts the majority of snakebites in Central America and in the northern regions of South America, mostly affecting young agricultural workers in rural settings. [23], Compared to the common lancehead, B. atrox, these snakes have been described as excitable and unpredictable when disturbed. Isolation of an acidic phospholipase A2 from the venom of the snake Bothrops asper of Costa Rica: biochemical and toxicological characterization. The dorsal scales are strongly keeled. Eco Burgers & Wings. [27], Venom yield (dry weight) averages 458 mg, with a maximum of 1530 mg (Bolaños, 1984)[27] and an LD50 in mice of 2.844 mg/kg IP. Fer-de-lance Snake (Bothrops asper) in Costa Rica - Buy this stock photo and explore similar images at Adobe Stock In Ecuador, the Central American Lancehead (Bothrops asper) may be identified by having a triangular-shaped head with a snout that is not upturned, heat-sensing pits between the eyes and nostrils, and a dorsal pattern of 14–28 pale X-shaped markings on a brownish dorsum. Juveniles are often semiarboreal, and even adults are sometimes encountered in bushes and low trees. Reproduction is highly seasonal and in Costa Rica, reproductive cycles are tightly related to rainfall patterns. 6 Organization for Tropical Studies, San José, Costa Rica. 24 4.2 Mapa del vector de expresión pVAX1. ed.). viii, 376 pp. 511 pp. What does the Bothrops asper look like? Author information: (1)Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. Venenosa. As Costa Ricans are awfully afraid of snakes as a whole, a lot of harmless snakes with similar pattern are precautiosly killed as well. Because only 15 percent of snakes in Costa Rica are venomous, it’s crucial … However, despite popular belief, no evidence supports a purported increase in population density of this species in Costa Rica. Distribution of Bothrops asper in Tamaulipas, Mexico and a review or prey items. La caracteristica distintiva de esta familia es la presencia de dos colmillos potentes en la parte anterior de la maxila, perforados internamente por un canal para la conducción del veneno. RC (Río Cuarto, Grecia, Alajuela), LV (La Virgen, Sarapiquí, Heredia), SQ (Siquirres, Limón), PA (Parrita, Puntarenas), QU (Quepos, Puntarenas), BB (Bahía Ballena (Osa, Puntarenas), CA (Candelarita, Puriscal, San José). Mating includes a series of movements of the male, which then slowly chases an accepting female. [2], Male-male combat in this species has not been observed. Eagle Mountain, Utah. "Reproductive biology and the distribution of the Terciopelo, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBL-5mOGHt8, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bothrops_asper&oldid=988900127, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Sasa M, Vázquez S. 2003. Sixteen adult snakes were tracked over 2 yr in lowland rainforest of Costa Rica to determine home range, movement patterns, and foraging behavior. [2][18] These are among the most sexually dimorphic of all snakes. [19], The venomous bite of B. asper has been suggested to have been a factor in the choice of certain Mayan settlements, such as Nim Li Punit, Belize Central America, where the thick jungle inhabited by these snakes was used as a defensive boundary. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica, A Herpetofauna between Two Continents, between Two Seas. Toggle navigation. 3 In Ecuador, the most similar species that may be found living alongside B. asper … Download this stock image: Fer-de-lance, Terciopelo, Bothrops asper, Manuel Antonio Nat park, CR - W9M0KE from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors. "[2] In an effort to establish standardized names for the amphibians and reptiles of North America, the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR), a not-for-profit organization and one of the largest international herpetological societies, applied following nomenclature. The ventral side is yellow, cream, or a whitish gray, with dark blotches that are more frequent closer to the posterior end. Weight: Up to 13 pounds. Coloring can vary slightly among the locales as well. Él tomó la cabeza con su mano y la elevó lo más alto que pudo; ... “The amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica”, The University of Chicago Press, 2002. Bothrops asper is a venomous pitviper species found in Central and northern South America. Reptiles del Ecuador. There is a great variety of colours on its dorsal side: olive, gray, light brown to dark brown, tan or sometimes nearly black. Allozyme Variation in Populations of Bothrops asper (Serpentes: Viperidae) in Costa Rica. Gigastereo. (2008). Bothrops asper is adapted to areas with low levels of disturbance along the agricultural frontier, and consequently it is not rare to find it in or near human dwellings. Eco Bazar. Although usually absent, it may have occipital blotches or streaks that range from indistinct to distinct.
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