[a] The animal is believed to evoke strength, royal legacy, and enduring memory as related by the proverbs: "There where the elephant passes in the forest, one knows" and "The animal steps on the ground, but the elephant steps down with strength. Media in category "Loxodonta africana of Kenya" The following 163 files are in this category, out of 163 total. Poaching for the illegal ivory trade is a threat in several range countries as well. The gestation period of an elephant is 22 months and fertile females usually give birth every 3–6 years, so if they live to around 50 years of age, they may produce 7 offspring. This leads males to compete with each other to mate, which results in the females mating with older, healthier males. [51][52] Musth also serves a purpose of calling attention to the females that they are of good quality, and it cannot be mimicked as certain calls or noises may be. Podem pesar mais de uma tonelada e são considerados um dos maiores mamíferos terrestres da atualidade. Los colmillos se desarrollan en ambos sexos, los cuales crecen año con año algunos centímetros. [31] The trunk is a prehensile elongation of its upper lip and nose. Imágenes de elefantes de sabana africana, incluyendo bebés elefantes, manadas de elefantes, elefantes en baños de barro, elefantes migran y más. [20], Sequence analysis of DNA from fossils of the extinct Eurasian Palaeoloxodon antiquus shows it to be much closer related to the African forest elephant than to the African bush elephant. Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères, avec des Figures originale, dessinées d'après des Animaux vivans; &c. Par MM. [79] Many societies believed that their chiefs would be reincarnated as elephants. Habitat: En … [59] [63] However, this can depend on the ranking of the male within their group, as higher-ranking males maintain a higher rate of reproduction. "[82] Their flag depicted an elephant wearing a royal crown. [1], Elephas (Loxodonta) cyclotis was proposed by Paul Matschie in 1900 who described three African elephant zoological specimens from Cameroon whose skulls differed in shape from elephant skulls collected elsewhere in Africa. Elephants replace their teeth four to six times in their lifetimes. [citation needed]. After the ban came into force in 1990, retail sales of ivory carvings in South Africa have plummeted by more than 95% within 10 years. Son capaces de soportar pesos grandes pero les resulta imposible realizar movimientos de saltos. Between the late 18th and 20th centuries, the following extinct African elephants were described on the basis of fossil remains: Analysis of nuclear DNA sequences indicates that the genetic divergence between African bush and forest elephants dates 2.6 – 5.6 million years ago. The validity of Loxodonta has therefore been questioned. During the middle of estrus, female elephants look for males in musth to guard them. The African elephant (Loxodonta) is a genus comprising two living elephant species, the African bush elephant (L. africana) and the smaller African forest elephant (L. cyclotis). An old bull elephant in the Ngorongoro crater. [43], Elephants exhibit a wide variety of behaviors, including those associated with grief, learning, mimicry, art, play, a sense of humor, altruism, use of tools, compassion, cooperation,[44] self-awareness, memory and possibly language. [3] La contraposición entre las estrategias altricial y precocial se pueden apreciar claramente contraponiendo las variables de historia de vida de mamíferos de tamaños corporales dispares, por el ejemplo, el topillo campesino (Microtus arvalis) y el elefante africano (Loxodonta africana). [22] Elephants sometimes swim underwater and use their trunks as snorkels. Loxodonta africana [Blumenbach, 1797]. Male African bush elephant in Serengeti, Tanzania. This name refers to the lozenge-shaped enamel of the molar teeth, which differs significantly from the shape of the Asian elephant's molar enamel. [5] Anonymous was recognized as authority by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature in 1999. [31] This is reported as the worst decline in the past 25 years. Proboscidea ordenaren barruko ugaztuna da. [30] The calves are cared for by their mother and other young females in the group, known as allomothering.[32]. [66] The International Union for Conservation of Nature released a report in September 2016 that estimates Africa's elephant population at 415,000. The divergence between the Asian elephant and the woolly mammoths is estimated 2.5 – 5.4 million years ago, which strongly supports their status as distinct species. Nombre científico: Loxodonta africana Estado de conservación: Vulnerable (Aumento) Enciclopedia de la vida Promedio de vida: 60 – 70 años Periodo de gestación: 22 meses Nivel trófico: Herbívoro Enciclopedia de la vida Altura: Macho: 3,2 m (Adulto, Al hombro), Hembra: 2,2 – … This article incorporates text from the ARKive fact-file "African elephant" under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License and the GFDL. Afrikar elefantea (Loxodonta africana) Loxodonta generoko animalia da. Large populations of elephants are confined to well-protected areas. El elefante africano de sabana (Loxodonta africana) es un mamífero proboscideo de la familia de los elefántidos. Nutrición: Es herbívoro, se alimenta de pastos y hierbas. [2] Es el mayor mamífero terrestre que existe en la actualidad. Promedio de vida: 60 – 70 años. [39] The large size and hindgut of the African elephant also allows for digestion of various plant parts, including fibrous stems, bark and roots. [65], According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, in 2014 the total population of African elephants was estimated to be around 700,000, and the Asian elephant population was estimated to be around 32,000. (10361 y 13,889 lb). Translate Loxodonta africana. Male reproductive success is maximal in mid-adulthood and then begins to decline. Tamaño: La longitud total de un macho incluida la cola es de 9 metros. The females will yell, in a loud, low way to attract males from far away. [21], African elephants have a grey folded and up to 30 mm (1.2 in) thick skin that is covered with sparse bristled dark-brown to black hair. "Living African elephants belong to two species: "Genetic Evidence for Two Species of Elephant in Africa", "Proboscidean Mitogenomics: Chronology and Mode of Elephant Evolution Using Mastodon as Outgroup", "Genomic DNA sequences from mastodon and woolly mammoth reveal deep speciation of forest and savanna elephants", "Reconciling Apparent Conflicts between Mitochondrial and Nuclear Phylogenies in African Elephants", "The Ears as a Race-Character in the African Elephant", "Four new species of Elephantidae from the Plio-Pleistocene of northwestern Kenya", "Cytonuclear genomic dissociation in African elephant species", "Palaeogenomes of Eurasian straight-tusked elephants challenge the current view of elephant evolution", "General information on elephants with emphasis on tusks", "Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans", "Forest elephant videos, photos and facts – Loxodonta cyclotis", "Secrets of male elephant society revealed in the wild", "The maximum attainable body size of herbivorous mammals: morphophysiological constraints on foregut, and adaptations of hindgut fermenters", "Selective feeding by a megaherbivore, the African elephant ( Loxodonta africana )", "Phylogenomic analyses reveal convergent patterns of adaptive evolution in elephant and human ancestries", "Elephants know when they need assistance in a cooperative task", "In Africa, Decoding the 'Language' of Elephants", "Elephants Outwit Humans During Intelligence Test". [54] Bigger males tend to sire bigger offspring. [24] Fermentation of the food takes place in the hindgut, thus enabling large food intakes. An anonymous author used the Latinized spelling Loxodonta in 1827. Calves are born after a gestation period of up to nearly two years. Around 40 to 60 years of age, the elephant loses the last of its molars and will likely die of starvation, a common cause of death. El elefante africano de sabana ( Loxodonta africana), también conocido como elefante africano de la sabana, es el animal terrestre vivo más grande con toros que alcanzan una altura de hombros de hasta 3,96 m (13,0 pies). Ambos sexos tienen colmillos, que brotan cuando tienen entre 1 y 3 años y crecen durante toda la vida. They are curved forward and continue to grow throughout the elephant's lifetime. The largest recorded individual stood 3.96 metres (13.0 ft) at the shoulder, and is estimated to have weighed 10,400 kg (22,900 lb). They have grey skin and differ in the size of their ears and tusks, and in … They are amongst the world's most intelligent species. See Spanish-English translations with audio pronunciations, examples, and word-by-word explanations. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte. Distribución de Loxodonta vivo (2007) El elefante africano ( Loxodonta ) es un género que comprende dos especies de elefantes vivos , el elefante africano de monte ( L. africana ) y el elefante africano de bosque más pequeño ( L. cyclotis ). [31], Both African elephant species live in family units comprising several adult cows, their daughters and their subadult sons. "[68] In response Chinese consumers moved to purchasing their ivory through markets in Laos, leading conservation groups to request pressure be put on Laos to end the trade. In the 1980s, it was difficult to carry out systematic surveys in several East African range countries due to civil wars. ... megalokamilo macho adulto sin mucha dificultad y prácticamente pulverizar la tibia trasera izquierda de un Atlassaurus macho adulto." Livraison 52 et 53", "Geographische Abarten des Afrikanischen Elefanten". Both are herbivores and live in groups. De bosolifant (Loxodonta cyclotis) is een van de drie nog levende soorten olifanten.De bosolifant komt alleen voor in de regenwouden van Afrika.Voorheen werden de bosolifant en de verwante savanneolifant (Loxodonta africana) tot dezelfde soort gerekend, de Afrikaanse olifant.Genetisch onderzoek heeft echter uitgewezen dat het hier om twee aparte soorten gaat. The first scientific description of the African elephant was written by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach in 1797 who proposed the scientific name Elephas africanus. Os olhos são cercados por longas pestanas, e são pequenos e ficam protegidos por espessas pálpebras. The African bush elephant ( Loxodonta africana ), also known as the African savanna elephant, is the largest living terrestrial animal with bulls reaching a shoulder height of up to 3.96 m (13.0 ft). [58], The first continental elephant census was carried out in 1976. The name refers to the lozenge-shaped enamel of their molar teeth. In 2012, The New York Times reported a large upsurge in ivory poaching, with about 70% of the product flowing to China. Both sexes have tusks, which erupt when they are 1–3 years old and grow throughout life . [33], When separate family units bond, they form kinship or bond groups. This database includes results from aerial surveys, dung counts, interviews with local people and data on poaching. En el cuerpo y la cabeza logra de 6.0 a 7.5 metros, la cola mide de 1.0 a 1.3 metros, la altura en los hombros es de 3.0 a 4.0 metros. The government of Tanzania estimated that more than 85,000 elephants were lost to poaching in Tanzania between 2009 and 2014, representing a 60% loss. Each family unit is led by an older cow known as the matriarch. [7] Later authors considered it to be a subspecies. [73], In 2005, the West African Elephant Memorandum of Understanding was signed by 12 West African countries. Hoje existem apenas três espécies do mundo: 2 africanas (Loxodonta africana e Loxodonta cyclotis) e 1 asiática (Elephas maximus). However, conservative estimates were that 23,000 African elephants were killed by poachers in 2013[61] and less than 20% of the African elephant range was under formal protection. [47][49], African elephants are at their most fertile between the ages of 25 and 45. [81] The elephant is symbolically important to the nation of Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire); the Coat of arms of Ivory Coast features an elephant head escutcheon as its focal point. They do not mate at a specific time; however, they are less likely to reproduce in times of drought than when water is plentiful. Loxodonta is one of two existing genera of the family Elephantidae. Los elefantes son mamíferos grandes de la familia Elephantidae y el orden Proboscidea.Tres especies son reconocidos actualmente: la Loxodonta africana ( Loxodonta africana), el elefante africano del bosque ( L. cyclotis) y el elefante asiático ( Elephas maximus).Los elefantes se encuentran dispersas en el África subsahariana, Asia del Sur y Sudeste de Asia. [8] Its back is concave-shaped, while the back of the African forest elephant is nearly straight. [26][27] The tallest recorded individual stood 4.21 m (13.8 ft) at the shoulder and weighed 8,000 kg (18,000 lb). The population in the Tanzanian Selous Game Reserve, once the largest of any reserve in the world, dropped from 109,000 in 1976 to 13,000 in 2013. [75], Many African cultures revere the African Elephant as a symbol of strength and power. [23], Both male and female African elephants have tusks that grow from deciduous teeth called tushes, which are replaced by tusks when calves are about one year old. Well organized networks facilitated smuggling the ivory through Sudan. This listing banned international trade of African elephants and their body parts by countries that signed the CITES agreement. [10][11][12][13][14], In 1907, Richard Lydekker proposed six African elephant subspecies based on the different sizes and shapes of their ears. The enamel plates of the molars are fewer in number than in Asian elephants. Decrease of suitable habitat was the major cause for the decline of elephant populations until the 1950s. They have grey skin and differ in the size of their ears and tusks, and in the shape and size of their skulls. They reported that in the past decade, this is a decline of 111,000 elephants. Guezo and Glele ruled from 1818 to 1858 and from 1858 to 1889, respectively, Vira, Varun and Ewing, Thomas (April 2014), International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, West African Elephant Memorandum of Understanding, Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, "Analytical Notices of Books. After puberty, male elephants tend to form close alliances with other males. The tusks weigh from 23 to 45 kg (51–99 lb) and can be from 1.5 to 2.4 m (5–8 ft) long. [60] With a mass of just over 5 kg (11 lb), the elephant brain is larger than that of any other terrestrial animal. South Africa uses elephant tusks in their coat of arms to represent wisdom, strength, moderation and eternity. While females are the most active members of African elephant groups, both male and female elephants are capable of distinguishing between hundreds of different low frequency infrasonic calls to communicate with and identify each other. "Age, musth, and paternity success in wild male African elephants, "The exploitation of elephants for the ivory trade: an historical perspective", "How many elephants are killed for the ivory trade? During the 10th century AD, the people of Igbo-Ukwu, near the Niger Delta, buried their leaders with elephant tusks.[80]. Blumenbach, J. F. 1797. [64], Conflicts between elephants and a growing human population are a major issue in elephant conservation. [78] The animal's religious importance is mostly totemic. Ellas miden alrededor de 2.6 m (8.5 ft) de alto y tienen un peso de 3,200 kg (7054.792 lb), mientras los machos llegan a alcanzar los 4 m de altura (13 ft) y presentar un peso que oscila entre 4,700 y 6,300 kg. Fuerza mandibular: 8.000-13.500 Newtons: Velocidad: ... (Loxodonta africana.) The African forest elephant was found to have a high degree of genetic diversity, perhaps reflecting periodic fragmentation of their habitat during the climatic changes in the Pleistocene. Their thickset bodies rest on stocky legs. [70], In 1989, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora listed the African elephant on CITES Appendix I. [29] It is the third largest terrestrial animal. Hunting African elephants for the ivory trade accelerated the decline from the 1970s onwards. [62] A collection of clips I have filmed featuring the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in the wild Loxodonta africana cyclotis ha un’altezza, in media, di 240 cm nei maschi e di poco più di due metri nelle femmine, con record (rari) di tre metri ed ovviamente pesi decisamente inferiori. Consumiendo el 5% de su peso corporal en 24 horas, el elefante africano de sabana es el mamífero terrestre más grande que existe. Uniunea InternaÈionalÄ pentru Conservarea Naturii, images and movies of the African Bush Elephant, Clips from the BBC archive, news stories and sound files of the African Bush Elephant, https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loxodonta_africana&oldid=13221973, Articole Wikipedia cu informaÈii bibliotecare, ÐелаÑÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ (ÑаÑаÑкевÑÑа)â, Srpskohrvatski / ÑÑпÑÐºÐ¾Ñ ÑваÑÑки, Creative Commons cu atribuire Èi distribuire în condiÈii identice. In 1989, only 608,000 African elephants were estimated to have survived. [13], Gene flow between the two African elephant species was examined at 21 locations. Lista roÈie a speciilor periclitate IUCN. [25], The African bush elephant is the largest terrestrial animal. 287). Posee una masa corporal más pequeña que el resto de elefantes, con las patas proporcionalmente más largas y pies aparentemente más grandes que otros elefantes. [61], When the international ivory trade reopened in 2006, the demand and price for ivory increased in Asia. Loxodonte was proposed as generic name for the African elephant by Georges Cuvier in 1824. [34][35], Elephants use some vocalisations that are beyond the hearing range of humans,[36] to communicate across large distances. Leer Más > Etiquetas: anatomía, características físicas, elefante africano, longitud, Loxodonta africana, tamaño Males usually stay with a female and her herd for about a month before moving on in search of another mate. Cows are 2.2–2.6 m (7.2–8.5 ft) tall at the shoulder and weigh 2,160–3,232 kg (4,762–7,125 lb), while bulls are 3.2–4 m (10–13 ft) tall and weigh 4,700–6,048 kg (10,362–13,334 lb). La longitud de cuerpo del macho es de 6 a 7,5 metros, mientras que la hembra mide de 5,4 a 6,9 metros. [72], The African Elephant Specialist Group has set up a Human-Elephant Conflict Task Force with the aim to develop conflict mitigation strategies. The carrying capacity of remaining suitable habitats was estimated at 8,985,000 elephants at most by 1987. [10] The analysis revealed that several African bush elephants carried mitochondrial DNA of African forest elephants, which indicates that they hybridised in the savanna-forest transition zone also in ancient times. Loxodonta es un género de mamíferos proboscídeos de la familia de los elefántidos que incluye a las dos especies vivientes de elefantes africanos: el elefante africano de sabana (Loxodonta africana) y el elefante africano de bosque (Loxodonta cyclotis), [1] que anteriormente eran considerados dos subespecies de una misma especie. New research suggests that bulls maintain ecological knowledge for the herd, facilitating survival when searching for food and water, which also benefits the young bulls who associate with them. [41] They have a very large and highly convoluted neocortex, a trait they share with humans, apes and some dolphin species. [31] Human encroachment into natural areas where bush elephants occur or their increasing presence in adjacent areas has spurred research into methods of safely driving groups of elephants away from humans. Fossil remains of Loxodonta species have been excavated in Africa, dating to the Middle Pliocene. [32][33] African forest elephant groups are less cohesive than African bush elephant groups, probably because of the lack of predators. Los jóvenes, al nacer, miden, desde su extremidad hasta su hombro, de 0,8 a 1,05 m… Ficha. El macho es más grande que la hembra. En cuanto a la altura del hombro, en el macho tiene un promedio de 3,2 metros y en la hembra está entre 2,5 y 2,7 metros. The African elephant (Loxodonta) is a genus comprising two living elephant species, the African bush elephant (L. africana) and the smaller African forest elephant (L. cyclotis). Because of this muscular structure, the trunk is so strong that elephants can use it for lifting about 3% of their own body weight. Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, et F. Cuvier. Loxodonta africana africana Elephas africanus, Loxodonta africana este o specie de elefanÈi din familia Elephantidae, ordinul Proboscidea, Èi cea mai mare din cele douÄ specii de elefant african.[2]. Hunting elephants is banned in the Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Côte d'Ivoire, and Senegal. It is distributed across 37 African countries and inhabits forests, grasslands and woodlands, wetlands and agricultural land. The last major populations are present in Gabon and the Republic of Congo. Las hembras son más pequeñas que los machos. ... Os elefantes abanam-nas para facilitar o arrefecimento corporal ou quando são importunados. El elefante (Loxodonta Africana) es el animal terrestre más grande de la Tierra, y también son uno de los animales de aspecto más singular.Con sus características narices largas, o trompas; orejas grandes y flexibles; y patas anchas y gruesas, no hay otro animal con un físico similar. By 2014 it was estimated that only 50,000 elephants remained in Central Africa. [76][77] It is also praised for its size, longevity, stamina, mental faculties, cooperative spirit, and loyalty. [citation needed], Based on vegetation types that provide suitable habitat for African elephants, it was estimated that in the early 19th century a maximum of 26,913,000 African elephants might have been present from the Sahel in the north to the Highveld in the south. Previously, export had been allowed in Southern Africa with Zimbabwe capturing and exporting more than 100 baby elephants to Chinese zoos since 2012. Playback of the recorded sounds of angry honey bees has been found to be remarkably effective at prompting elephants to flee an area. Like African elephants (Loxodonta africana; Lee 1987, Moss 1988), matriarchal groups of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) act together to care for calves and defend them from predators (reviewed in Whitehead and Weilgart 2000).The formation of mother–calf nursery groups, common among dolphins, can offer calves protection from predators by choosing low-risk areas (see also Chapter 9). The park did not have sufficient guards to combat poaching, and their weapons were outdated. Nombre científico: Loxodonta africana. Between 1976 and 1980, about 830 t (820 long tons; 910 short tons) raw ivory was exported from Africa to Hong Kong and Japan, equivalent to tusks of about 222,000 African elephants. Males sire few offspring in periods when they are not in musth. Bulls only return to the herd to breed or to socialize, they do not provide prenatal care to their offspring but rather play a fatherly role to younger bulls to show dominance. Los elefantes africanos son los elefantes del género Loxodonta.El género se compone de dos existentes especies: la Loxodonta africana, L. africana, y el más pequeño elefante africano del bosque, L. cyclotis. Tuskless bulls are uncommon. Cuando son adultos maduros los co… Tusks are composed of dentin, which forms small diamond-shaped structures in the tusk's center that become larger at its periphery. [74], In 2019, the export of wild African elephants to zoos around the world was banned, with an exception added by the EU to allow export in "exceptional cases where … it is considered that a transfer to ex-situ locations will provide demonstrable in-situ conservation benefits for African elephants". Elefante-africano (Loxodonta africana) Lório-arco-íris (Trichoglossus haematodus moluccanus) Hidrossauro-das-filipinas (Hydrosaurus pustulatus) Urso-pardo (Ursus arctos) Suricata (Suricata suricatta) Mainá-do-bali (Leucopsar rothschildi) Tartaruga-de-pescoço-comprido-de-roti (Chelodina mccordi) Sem resultados {pageNumber} Masa Corporal: Macho: 6.000 kg (Adulto), Hembra: 3.000 kg (Adulto) Altura: Macho: 3,2 m (Adulto, Al hombro), Hembra: 2,2 – 3,4 m (Adulto, Al hombro) espero que te ayude Both are herbivores and live in groups. [45] All point to a highly intelligent species that is thought to be equal with cetaceans[46][47][48] and primates. The population of African elephants in Southern Africa is large and expanding, with more than 300,000 within the region; Botswana has 200,000 and Zimbabwe 80,000. [30], African elephants are distributed in Sub-Saharan Africa, where they inhabit Sahelian scrubland and arid regions, tropical rainforests, mopane and miombo woodlands. Estas dimensiones pueden ser de gran beneficio para los ecosistemas, pues le ayudan a crear caminos que permiten el tránsito de otras especies. Elephant mating rituals include the gentle entwining of trunks. Masa Corporal: Loxodonta africana: 6.000 kg, Elephas maximus: 2.700 kg, Loxodonta cyclotis: 2.700 kg Periodo de gestación: Loxodonta africana: 22 m, Elephas maximus: 18 – 22 m Altura: Loxodonta africana: 3,3 m, Elephas maximus: 2,7 m Este elefante es el animal terrestre de mayor peso en el presente.
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