[47] British Columbia produced 93% of the Canadian highbush blueberry crop in 2019. lecció a la natura és habitual als països on és comú. [3] Highbush blueberries were first cultivated in New Jersey around the beginning of the 20th century.[4]. Vaccinium meridionale là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Thạch nam. Oxycoccus) are relatively newly cultivated plants, and are largely unchanged from their wild relatives. Vaccinium berries were traditionally an important food source for many native American peoples . [9] Other parts of Vaccinium form other groups, sometimes together with species of other genera. Vaccinium /vækˈsɪniəm/ is a common and widespread genus of shrubs or dwarf shrubs in the heath family. Data Source and Documentation: About our new maps. Vaccinium is a genus of flowering plants.All of them are shrubs in the family Ericaceae.The fruits of Vaccinium species include blueberries, cranberries, huckleberries, and Bilberry.. Some other blue-fruited species of Vaccinium: Wild blueberry in autumn foliage, Pilot Mountain, North Carolina, in October, A maturing 'Polaris' blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). [39] On average, 80% of Québec wild blueberries are harvested on farms (21 million kg), the remaining 20% being harvested from public forests (5 million kg). [26] In descending order of production volume for 2017, other major producers were Georgia, Michigan, New Jersey, California, and North Carolina. [45], In 2018, world production of blueberries (lowbush and highbush combined) increased by 14% over 2017, with substantial production increases by Peru (81% increase) and Spain (23% increase). Published online. A classification predating molecular phylogeny divides Vaccinium into subgenera, and several sections: The genus contains about 450 species,[17] which are found mostly in the cooler areas of the Northern Hemisphere, although there are tropical species from areas as widely separated as Madagascar and Hawaii. [6] Fruit productivity of lowbush blueberries varies by the degree of pollination, genetics of the clone, soil fertility, water availability, insect infestation, plant diseases, and local growing conditions. The highbush varieties were introduced into Europe during the 1930s.[2]. Amaretto liqueur Hot Orange pekoe tea to taste. The name "bilberry" appears to have a Scandinavian origin, possibly from as early as 1577, being similar to the Danish word bølle for whortleberry with the addition of "berry". There are no related plants for species Vaccinium pensylvanicum. In North America, the most common cultivated species is V. corymbosum, the northern highbush blueberry. ex Rupr.) The experiment was performed in the Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the National University of Asuncion; the objective was to establish a protocol for zygotic embryogenesis and rooting of this species. Berries of North American species nourish a variety of mammals and birds, notably including the grizzly bear. Note: habitat and range summaries are from the Flora of New Brunswick, published in 1986 by Harold R. Hinds, and Plants of the Pacific Northwest coast, published in 1994 by Pojar and MacKinnon. [19], Plants of this group typically require acidic soils, and as wild plants they live in habitats such as heath, bog and acidic woodland (for example, blueberries under oaks or pines). Commercially offered blueberries are usually from species that naturally occur only in eastern and north-central North America. Like many other ericaceous plants, they are generally restricted to acidic soils. [6] Wild (lowbush) blueberries are not planted by farmers, but rather are managed on berry fields called "barrens". [4] Stems are usually woody. Financial browser? The Cree harvested velvetleaf blueberries in parts of western North America . [6] They have a hardy cold tolerance in their Canadian range. Blueberry plants are commonly found in oak-heath forests in eastern North America. [21] Other important species in North America include V. pallidum, the hillside or dryland blueberry. Vaccinium / v æ k ˈ s ɪ n i ə m / is a common and widespread genus of shrubs or dwarf shrubs in the heath family (Ericaceae). [8] They have a sweet taste when mature, with variable acidity. The fruits of many species are eaten by humans and some are of commercial importance, including the cranberry, blueberry, bilberry (whortleberry), lingonberry (cowberry), and huckleberry. So-called "wild" (lowbush) blueberries, smaller than cultivated highbush ones, have intense color. The genus Vaccinium has a mostly circumpolar distribution, with species mainly present in North America, Europe, and Asia. [19][20] For this work he received the George Roberts White Medal of Honor from the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. [24] He often tested new cultivars for their flavor, and claimed that after a long day of tasting, "all blueberries taste the same, and all taste sour. Etymology and common names. Schmalh. The plant structure varies between species: some trail along the ground, some are dwarf shrubs, and some are larger shrubs perhaps 1 to 2 m (3 to 7 ft) tall. Published on the internet. It is native to the eastern U.S., and common in the Appalachians and the Piedmont of the Southeast. Vaccinium monteverdense Wilbur & Luteyn; Vaccinium moupinense Franch. Hypernyms [35] Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Québec are also major producers. Numerous highbush cultivars of blueberries are available, with diversity among them, each having individual qualities. Acta Palaeobotanica 1979 20 (1): 3-117. International Association for Plant Taxonomy, "Phylogenetic relationships within the blueberry tribe (Vaccinieae, Ericaceae) based on sequence data from MATK and nuclear ribosomal ITS regions, with comments on the placement of, "Lewis and Clark Herbarium - Plants collected by Lewis and Clark", "The Phylogenetic Positions of Four Endangered Vaccinium Species in Japan", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaccinium&oldid=991976207, Encyclopedia of Life ID different from Wikidata, Pages using Tropicos template without author names, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Hawaiian-language text, Articles containing Russian-language text, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 2 December 2020, at 20:36. Grand Marnier liqueur 1 oz. Figures 2003–2004[clarification needed] FAOSTAT data (FAO)[citation needed], This article is about the plant genus. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [20][21] Vaccinium is found in both successional and stable sites, and is fire-adapted in many regions, withstanding low-intensity burns, and re-sprouting from rhizomes when above-ground tissues are burned off. This wild blueberry commerce benefits from vertical integration of growing, processing, frozen storage, marketing and transportation within relatively small regions of the province. Vaccinium, genus of about 450 species of shrubs, in the heath family (Ericaceae), found widely throughout the Northern Hemisphere and extending south along tropical mountain ranges, especially in Malesia. This work was continued into the mid-1970s when the Australian Blueberry Growers' Association was formed. "Wild" has been adopted as a marketing term for harvests of managed native stands of lowbush blueberries. Blueberry wine is made from the flesh and skin of the berry, which is fermented and then matured; usually the lowbush variety is used. Vaccinium The genus Vaccinium is in the family Ericaceae in the major group Angiosperms (Flowering plants). Production of rabbiteye blueberries was a focus in Texas in the early 21st century. The lowbush blueberry, V. angustifolium, is found from the Atlantic provinces westward to Quebec and southward to Michigan and West Virginia. Other sections in the genus are native to other parts of the world, including the Pacific Northwest and southern United States,[10] South America, Europe, and Asia. Vaccinium /vækˈsɪniəm/[3] is a common and widespread genus of shrubs or dwarf shrubs in the heath family (Ericaceae). Scots blaeberry and Norwegian blåbær. Vaccinium membranaceum Douglas ex Torr. The fruit is a berry 5–16 mm (3⁄16–5⁄8 in) in diameter with a flared crown at the end; they are pale greenish at first, then reddish-purple, and finally dark purple when ripe. Five species of blueberries grow wild in Canada, including Vaccinium myrtilloides, Vaccinium angustifolium, and Vaccinium corymbosum which grow on forest floors or near swamps. Sparkleberry, V. arboreum, is a common wild species on sandy soils in the Southeast. [29] Every year the town hosts a large festival which draws thousands of people to celebrate the fruit. [5] The Colombian or Andean blueberry, Vaccinium meridionale, is wild-harvested and commonly available locally. Scientific Name: Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) pensylvanicum Mill. In some areas, it produces natural "blueberry barrens", where it is the dominant species covering large areas. Growth and Development of the Wild Blueberry", "MYBA From Blueberry (Vaccinium Section Cyanococcus) Is a Subgroup 6 Type R2R3MYB Transcription Factor That Activates Anthocyanin Production", "In-depth nutrition information on raw blueberries, per 100 g, USDA Nutrient Database, Standard Reference version SR-21", "Wild Blueberry Network Information Centre", "Blueberry Growing Comes to the National Agricultural Library", "Early 20th Century Botanist Gave Us Domesticated Blueberries", "The Delicious Origins of The Domesticated Blueberry", "Record year makes Oregon top blueberry producer", "Top 10 Blueberry Producing States In America", "Fruit and vegetable production, 2015 - Canada", "New Brunswick to become world's largest producer of wild blueberries", "Blueberry varieties - Canada. International Plant Names Index. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. In: The changing face of the Canadian fruit and vegetable sector: 1941 to 2011", "Wild Blueberry Production Guide in a Context of Sustainable Development: Survey of the Wild Blueberry Industry in Québec", "Harvesting commences at one of Zimbabwe's bigger blueberry projects", "Australian Blueberry Growers' Association", U.S. Department of Agriculture GAIN Report, "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor", "Blueberries: transitioning from wild to cultivated production", "Grades and Requirements for Blueberries; In: Canadian Grade Compendium; Volume 2 – Fresh Fruit or Vegetables", "Catching the Toxic Drift: How Pesticides Used in the Blueberry Industry Threaten Our Communities, Our Water and the Environment", Wild Blueberry Culture in Maine, by David E. Yarborough, University of Maine, February 2015, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blueberry&oldid=992257389, Articles needing additional references from March 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 4 December 2020, at 09:34. [17] After 1910 Coville began to work on blueberry, and was the first to discover the importance of soil acidity (blueberries need highly acidic soil), that blueberries do not self-pollinate, and the effects of cold on blueberries and other plants. Ang Vaccinium meridionale sakop sa kahenera nga Vaccinium sa kabanay nga Ericaceae. [1] Commercial blueberries—both wild (lowbush) and cultivated (highbush)—are all native to North America. El agraz silvestre (Vaccinium meridionale), llamado también mortiño, camueza o vichacha en algunos lugares donde se cultiva, [2] es una planta de la familia Ericaceae. The Muisca were an advanced civilization inhabiting the central highlands of the Colombian Andes (Altiplano Cundiboyacense) before the Spanish conquest of the Muisca in the 1530s. [4], Vaccinium species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species – see list of Lepidoptera that feed on Vaccinium. Supported by the USDA National Research Support Project (NRSP10), Plants for Human Health Institute at North Carolina State University and Washington State University. "[24], Production tonnes. [22][23][24], Blueberry bushes often require supplemental fertilization,[23] but over-fertilization with nitrogen can damage plant health, as evidenced by nitrogen-burn visible on the leaves. [4], The genus was first described scientifically by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. Vaccinium meridionale Swartz is a berry commonly known as “mortiño” or “agraz” that belongs to Ericaceae family (Maldonado-Celis, Franco-Tobón, Agudelo, Arango, & Rojano, 2017). Łańcucka-Środoniowa M.: Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sącz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland) [Szczątki makroskopowe roślin z miocenu słodkowodnego Kotliny Sądeckiej (Karpaty Zachodnie, Polska)]. Like many other ericaceous plants, they are generally restricted to acidic soils. Vaccinium. The flowers are bell-shaped, white, pale pink or red, sometimes tinged greenish. Blueberry bushes typically bear fruit in the middle of the growing season: fruiting times are affected by local conditions such as climate, altitude and latitude, so the time of harvest in the northern hemisphere can vary from May to August. Vaccinium es un género de arbustos de la familia Ericaceae que incluye a todas las especies llamadas arándano, como el arándano azul (Vaccinium corymbosum) o arándano rojo.Este género contiene 908 especies descritas y de estas, solo 172 aceptadas. [9] A number of the Asian species are more closely related to Agapetes than to other Vaccinium species. Blueberries are usually prostrate shrubs that can vary in size from 10 centimeters (4 inches) to 4 meters (13 feet) in height. They contain only negligible amounts of micronutrients, with moderate levels (relative to respective Daily Values) (DV) of the essential dietary mineral manganese, vitamin C, vitamin K and dietary fiber (table). [7] The leaves of highbush blueberries can be either deciduous or evergreen, ovate to lanceolate, and 1–8 cm (1⁄2–3 1⁄4 in) long and 0.5–3.5 cm (1⁄4–1 3⁄8 in) broad. Espesye sa tanom nga bulak ang Vaccinium meridionale. The fruit develops from an inferior ovary, and is a four- or five-parted berry; it is usually brightly coloured, often being red or bluish with purple juice. Vaccinium pensylvanicum. [22][23], Significant production of highbush blueberries occurs in British Columbia, Maryland, Western Oregon, Michigan, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Washington. Free and Open Access to Biodiversity Data. This program began when Frederick Vernon Coville of the USDA-ARS collaborated with Elizabeth Coleman White of New Jersey. The scale is marked in centimeters. 2020. Vaccinium missouriense (Ashe) Ashe; Vaccinium modestum W.W. Sm. Blueberries are sold fresh or are processed as individually quick frozen (IQF) fruit, purée, juice, or dried or infused berries. [46], Canada No. Russian голубика ("blue berry") does not refer to blueberries, which are non-native and nearly unknown in Russia, but rather to their close relatives, bog bilberries (V. uliginosum). [39], Highbush blueberries were first introduced to Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands in the 1930s, and have since been spread to numerous other countries of Europe. Related Plants. Vaccinium meridionale Sw. Sinonimo; Vaccinium caracasanum Kunth Metagonia meridionalis Nutt. Published on the internet. Vaccinium meridionale. Kukat ovat kaksineuvoisia ja nuokkuvia. [18] In 1911, he began a program of research in conjunction with White, daughter of the owner of the extensive cranberry bogs at Whitesbog in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Tropicos.org 2020. És una espècie pròpia dels boscos septentrionals d'Euràsia i Amèrica del Nord The rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum syn. [6] Wild (lowbush) blueberries have an average mature weight of 0.3 grams (1⁄128 oz).[6]. The site aims to increase public knowledge and understanding of the ways in which vaccines work, how they have been developed and monitored, and … ; Vaccinium oxycoccos l'anomenat "cranberry" més comú al Nord d'Europa, d'Àsia i d'Amèrica. Cyanococcus blueberries can be distinguished from the nearly identical-looking bilberries by their flesh color when cut in half. Genetic breeding of blueberries began around the turn of the 20th century, and was spearheaded by Frederick Coville who performed many cross-breeding trials and produced dozens of new blueberry cultivars. [11], Blueberries contain anthocyanins, other polyphenols and various phytochemicals under preliminary research for their potential role in the human body. Their diet and cuisine consisted of many endemic flora and fauna of Colombia. [6] The mother plant develops underground stems called rhizomes, allowing the plant to form a network of rhizomes creating a large patch (called a clone) which is genetically distinct. Blueberries are perennial flowering plants with blue or purple berries. [2] Stamens have anthers with extended tube-like structures called "awns" through which pollen falls when mature. Vaccinia definition is - a poxvirus (species Vaccinia virus of the genus Orthopoxvirus) that differs from but is closely related to the viruses causing smallpox and cowpox and that includes a strain used in making vaccines against smallpox. Hybrids of this with other Vaccinium species adapted to southern U.S. climates are known collectively as southern highbush blueberries.[14]. Vaccinium also includes cranberries, bilberries, huckleberries and Madeira blueberries. [39] Some 95% of the wild blueberry crop in Québec is frozen for export out of the province. Highbush (cultivated) blueberries prefer sandy or loam soils, having shallow root systems that benefit from mulch and fertilizer. [1] The name Vaccinium was used in classical Latin for a plant, possibly the bilberry or a hyacinth, and may be derived from the Latin bacca, berry, although its ultimate derivation is obscure. The Plants Database includes the following 43 species of Vaccinium . 1 blueberries are all similar in size, shape, weight, and color—the total product can be no more than ten percent off-color and three percent otherwise defective. Cyanococcus) and cranberries (sect. The names of blueberries in languages other than English often translate as "blueberry", e.g. [32], Canadian production of wild and cultivated blueberries in 2015 was 166,000 tonnes valued at $262 million, the largest fruit crop produced nationally accounting for 29% of all fruit value. A selection of blueberries, showing the typical sizes of the berries. [38], Québec is a major producer of wild blueberries, especially in the regions of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (where a popular name for inhabitants of the regions is bleuets, or "blueberries") and Côte-Nord, which together provide 40% of Québec's total provincial production. In agents with a core that in its narrow aspect is constricted bilaterally at the center, there are two lateral bodies attached to the biconcave plate, as in the case of vaccinia (Figs. Lehtiasento on kierteinen, ja lehdet ovat usein talvivihreitä. Howell; Vaccinium minus Vorosch. Most polyphenol studies have been conducted using the highbush cultivar of blueberries (V. corymbosum), while content of polyphenols and anthocyanins in lowbush (wild) blueberries (V. angustifolium) exceeds values found in highbush cultivars.[12]. Missouri Botanical Garden. [3][4] Canada's First Nations people consumed wild blueberries for centuries before North America was colonized. For the "European" blueberry, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Overview of the Vaccinium Industry in Western Europe", "Blueberry production in 2018; Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)", "Wild Blueberry Fact Sheet A.2.0. [34], Atlantic Canada contributes approximately half of the total North American wild/lowbush annual production with New Brunswick having the largest in 2015, an amount expanding in 2016. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista. [1] Many commercially sold species with English common names including "blueberry" are from North America, particularly Atlantic Canada and Northeastern United States for wild (lowbush) blueberries, and several US states and British Columbia for cultivated (highbush) blueberries. In the early 1970s, the Victorian Department of Agriculture imported seed from the U.S. and a selection trial was started. [2], In the Southern Hemisphere, Chile, Argentina, Peru, Uruguay, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa,[5][40] and Zimbabwe grow blueberries commercially. Puolukat (Vaccinium) on kanervakasveihin (Ericaceae) kuuluva kasvisuku, joka käsittää sekä varsinaiset puolukat että mustikat, karpalot ja juolukat.Karpalot erotetaan toisinaan omaksi suvukseen Oxycoccus.. Sukuun kuuluu monivuotisia varpuja, jotka kasvavat toisinaan maanmyötäisesti. El gènere Vaccinium agrupa més de 400 espèces, les més esteses són: . [11] Generally, nutrient contents of blueberries are a low percentage of the DV (table). The genus is distributed worldwide except for Australia and Antarctica, but areas of great Vaccinium diversity include the montane regions of North and South America, as well as Southeast Asia. The website of the History of Vaccines is a member of the WHO-led project Vaccine Safety Net (VSN). Species. [5], In 2019, Canada was the largest producer of wild blueberries, mainly in Quebec and the Atlantic provinces,[46] but the production effort for wild blueberries was changing in 2017 to the more profitable cultivated highbush blueberries. Some tropical species are epiphytic. Origen botanico y contenido en proteina de mieles artesanales procedentes de colmenares de Galicia (NO de Espana) Se registraron los visitantes florales entre las 06:00 y 17:00 h, ... (Vaccinium meridionale) del bosque andino colombiano. One serving provides a relatively low caloric value of 57 kcal with a glycemic load of 6. [6] Floral and leaf buds develop intermittently along the stems of the plant, with each floral bud giving rise to 5-6 flowers and the eventual fruit. Several other wild shrubs of the genus Vaccinium also produce commonly eaten blue berries, such as the predominantly European Vaccinium myrtillus and other bilberries, which in many languages have a name that translates to "blueberry" in English.
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